IEEE CAS Tutorials >> Gordon W. Roberts
Gordon W. Roberts
McGill University

Title:
"Test Methods For Sigma-Delta Data Converters And Related Devices"

Abstract:
This tutorial will look at the fundamental methods of digital sampling and how to apply it to sigma-delta modulators and other sigma-delta based devices. We begin by describing the principles of digital sampling and how one extends this theory to the test of sigma-delta based data converters and related devices. A review of the basic ideas of coherent testing will be given, such as the application of the M/N coherency principle for performing gain, frequency and distortion type measurements. The impact of clock jitter will also be emphasized. Next, we'll extend the sampling principle to the non-coherent test situation and describe how one performs measurements of deterministic and random signals using a pre-processing step involving windowing. Subsequently, the concept of a periodogram will be introduced and shown how it is used to estimate the power spectral density of a random signal (i.e., noise). At this point in the discussion we'll review the basic ideas behind sigma-delta modulators and their application to data conversion. We'll look at lowpass and bandpass type modulators, as well as single-loop, multi-loop multi-stage, continuous-time and sampled-data implementations. The goal is to expose the students to the underlying principles behind new IC developments and trends, rather than expose the students to detail design issues. At this point, specific issues related to estimating the power spectral density of a sigma-delta modulator using a periodogram will be described. The remainder of the tutorial will look at different ways in which sigma-delta techniques can be used for Design-For-Test. One section will describe different methods in which to generate high-precision analog signals, such as DC, sinusoids, multi-tones, Gaussian noise signals, phase and frequency modulated signals, etc. Such methods have application for retrofitting digital testers as mixed-signal testers, as well as extending the capability of existing testers. Subsequently, we'll demonstrate how sigma-delta methods can be used in a wide range of DFT/BIST circuits for SOC applications. This will include signal sources, digitizers, coherent samplers, time-domain reflectometry and transmission, and noise and jitter analyzers.

Biography:
Gordon W. Roberts received the B.A.Sc. degree from the University of Waterloo, Canada, in 1983 and the M.A.Sc. and PhD degrees from the University of Toronto, Canada, in 1986 and 1989, respectively, all in electrical engineering. Dr. Roberts is currently a full professor at McGill University where he holds the James McGill Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Over the years, he has conducted extensive research on analog integrated circuit design and mixed-signal test issues. He has co-written two undergraduate textbooks, entitled: SPICE For Microelectronic Circuits with Prof. Adel Sedra and An Introduction to Mixed-Signal IC Test Measurement with Mark Burns. He also co-written three research monographs, Analog Test Signal Generation Using Periodic SD-Encoded Data Streams (with Benoit Dufort), Analog Signal Generation For Built-In Self-Test Of Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits (with Albert Lu), and Design and Analysis of Log-Domain Filter Circuits (with Vincent Leung). He has published over 110 papers in scientific journals and conferences, and he has contributed 11 chapters to other books. He is past associate editor of the IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems, Part II, and past associate editor for the IEEE Design & Test of Computers Magazine. Prof. Roberts was also a past Distinguished Lecturer for the IEEE Computer Society and the Circuits and Systems Society.. Prof. Roberts has received numerous department, faculty and university awards for teaching test and electronics to undergraduates, and received several IEEE awards for his work on mixed-signal testing. Prof. Roberts is presently the program chair of the IEEE International Test Conference. Dr. Roberts is a Fellow of the IEEE. In 2003 he took leave from McGill to help start DFT Microsystems, Inc, a company specializing in high-speed timing measurement. His current research includes analog IC design methods and various issues related to mixed-signal test.